Blockchain-Enabled Triple-Entry Accounting for Indonesian Cooperatives: A Design-Science Approach
Rizki Setiawan
Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Abstract
Indonesian cooperatives (koperasi) number over 127,000 and serve as financial-inclusion vehicles in rural and semi-urban communities. Their accounting practices, however, frequently suffer from limited transparency to members, weak external assurance, and vulnerability to manipulation. Triple-entry accounting — in which each transaction posts to the books of both counterparties and to a shared immutable ledger — promises stronger member-facing transparency and lower-cost assurance.
This paper reports on a design-science engagement with a primary savings-and-loans cooperative in Yogyakarta to design, build, and pilot a Hyperledger-Fabric-based triple-entry AIS prototype. The artefact records member deposits, withdrawals, and loan transactions on the shared ledger while preserving privacy through channel separation.
Pilot results across three months and 1,400 transactions show full reconciliation with the cooperative's existing single-entry records, reduced reconciliation effort, and positive member perceptions of transparency. The paper contributes a design pattern for blockchain-enabled cooperative AIS and identifies governance challenges that any wider rollout must address.
Keywords
Triple-entry accounting · Blockchain · Cooperatives · Hyperledger Fabric · Indonesia · Design science
Artefact & Pilot Summary
- Platform: Hyperledger Fabric 2.4 with three organisations (cooperative, member-auditor, regulator-observer)
- Smart contracts: savings deposit, withdrawal, loan disbursement, loan repayment
- Privacy: channel separation ensures member-level confidentiality
- Pilot site: KSP "Y" (anonymised), Yogyakarta — 2,140 members
- Pilot period: April–July 2023 — 1,400 transactions
- Outcome: full reconciliation with existing single-entry records; reduced reconciliation effort